CNC servo thread rolling machines are advanced equipment in modern mechanical manufacturing used for precision thread processing. They integrate CNC technology and a servo drive system, achieving efficient and high-precision thread forming through the principle of cold plastic deformation. Compared to traditional cutting equipment, CNC servo thread rolling machines have significant advantages such as high material utilization, fast processing efficiency, and high thread strength, and are widely used in automobile manufacturing. Especially suitable for batch threading of bolts, screws, lead screws, and various standard and irregular parts in fields such as engineering machinery and aerospace. Core Components of the Equipment: The performance of a CNC servo thread rolling machine depends on the coordinated operation of five core systems:
1. CNC System: As the "brain" of the machine, it is responsible for receiving and parsing machining instructions. It can accurately set key parameters such as thread diameter, pitch, and thread angle, and control the movement of each actuator in real time. Mainstream systems such as Siemens, Fanuc, and the domestic GSK system all have parameter memory and program storage functions, supporting rapid switching between multiple thread specifications.
2. Servo Drive System: Consists of a servo motor and a driver assembly. The core of ensuring machining accuracy lies in the conversion of CNC system commands into precise mechanical motion control. This ensures the synchronization of the thread rolling wheel speed and workpiece feed speed, guaranteeing no "tooth misalignment" during thread forming, with a positioning accuracy of ±0.01mm.
3. The thread rolling structure includes one or three sets of thread rolling wheels with specific tooth profiles. The tooth shape directly determines the final thread shape of the workpiece (e.g., triangular teeth, trapezoidal teeth, etc.). The thread rolling wheel material is typically high-speed steel or cemented carbide, and the appropriate type can be selected based on the machining material (steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.).
4. Workpiece clamping and feeding system: The workpiece is fixed using pneumatic or hydraulic grippers to prevent offset during machining. The mechanism is driven by a servo motor, which can precisely control the speed and depth of the workpiece's feed to the thread rolling wheel, adapting to the machining of workpieces of different lengths and diameters.
5. Auxiliary System: Includes a cooling system (protecting the thread rolling wheel from low machining temperature through a cutting fluid reservoir), a lubrication system (reducing wear on machine components), and safety protection devices (such as protective covers and emergency stop buttons) to ensure stable operation and safe operation of the processing equipment.
Thread Machining Process:
Parameter Setting Stage: The CNC servo thread rolling machine uses the principle of "non-cutting plastic deformation" to process threads. The entire process can be divided into four stages:
1. Parameter Setting Stage: The operator inputs machining parameters, including the thread diameter (e.g., thread diameter) through the CNC system. 1. The system automatically calculates and matches process parameters such as thread rolling wheel speed and feed rate, supporting multiple thread standards including metric and imperial, with options for M10-M30, thread pitch (e.g., 1.5mm-3mm), machining length, and rolling cycles.
2. During the workpiece loading stage, a manual or automatic feeder feeds the workpiece (e.g., steel bar stock) into the clamping mechanism. The clamps automatically tighten and fix the workpiece, ensuring the workpiece axis remains parallel to the thread rolling wheel axis to prevent thread tilting.
3. During the rolling forming stage, a servo motor drives the thread rolling wheel to rotate synchronously in the opposite direction at a set speed. Simultaneously, the feed mechanism pushes the workpiece towards the thread rolling wheel, causing the thread rolling wheel's teeth to compress the workpiece surface, resulting in plastic flow of the metal material and gradually forming a thread that perfectly matches the thread rolling wheel's teeth. During this process, the cooling system continuously sprays cutting fluid to reduce frictional heat and remove metal debris.
4. During the unloading and resetting stage, after thread machining is completed, the thread rolling wheel stops rotating and automatically retracts the tool. The clamping mechanism releases the machined workpiece, which is then sent out by the unloading device. All components of the equipment reset, ready for the next machining cycle. The entire process requires no manual intervention and is highly automated.
